Insulators can be divided into high-voltage insulators and low-voltage insulators according to the voltage used.
Insulators can be divided into porcelain insulators, glass insulators and organic materials (epoxy resin casting) according to the manufacturing materials.
Insulators can be divided into indoor insulators and outdoor insulators according to their installation sites.
Insulators can be divided into 11 sub-categories and 48 series according to their structure and use.
The main use of insulators
1/ High-voltage line insulators
(1) Rigid insulators for high-voltage lines: including pin porcelain insulators, porcelain cross arm insulators and butterfly porcelain insulators.
In the form of high-voltage line structure, the high-voltage line porcelain cross-arm insulator can be divided into all-ceramic type, gel-mounted type, single-arm type and V-type; According to the installation form, it can be divided into vertical type and horizontal type; According to 50% full-wave impulse flashover voltage, it can be divided into 185kV, 2lokV, 280kV, 380kV, 450kV and 6lokV levels. It is suitable for high-voltage pole transmission and distribution lines, replacing needle-shaped and suspended insulators, and eliminating high-pole porcelain poles.
The butterfly porcelain insulator of the high-voltage line is divided into 6kV and lOkV according to the rated voltage.
It is suitable for overhead transmission and distribution line terminals, tensile rods, and can be used as insulated or fixed conductors. At the same time, it is also widely used as a fit with line suspension insulators, as an element of line fittings, simplifying the structure of fittings.
(2)High-voltage line suspension insulators: including disc hanging porcelain insulators, disc hanging glass insulators, porcelain tie rod insulators and grounding insulators.
There are two types of high-voltage line disc suspension porcelain insulators: ordinary type and stain-resistant type. It is suitable for high and ultra-high voltage transmission lines, and can be pulled out of the overhang or pull wire of the conductor to make it insulated. The suspension insulator has high electromechanical strength, and can be applied to various voltage levels and various strength needs through different string groups, and is the most widely used. The ordinary type is suitable for ÷ general industrial areas. Compared with ordinary insulators, the anti-fouling type has the characteristics of large creepage distance and convenient cleaning in wind and rain, and is suitable for coastal areas, metallurgical powder, and chemical industry with serious pollution.
When the stain-resistant insulator is used in the above-mentioned areas, it can reduce the size of the tower and has great economic value.
The use of high-voltage wire coil-shaped suspension glass insulators is basically the same as that of high-voltage line suspension insulators. FRP insulator has high mechanical strength, mechanical impact resistance, cold and heat, long life, good electrical performance, strong lightning resistance, and after the operation is damaged, the umbrella disk is automatically broken, easy to find, and greatly reduces the workload of insulation detection.
The porcelain tie rod insulator of the high-voltage line adopts the tensile porcelain tie rod to insulate and fix the wire on the overhead power line of lOkV and below. It can replace some butterfly porcelain bottles, plate-shaped porcelain bottles, etc.
(3) Rod porcelain insulator for electrified railway catenary
2/ Low-voltage line insulators
(1) Low-voltage line, butterfly and shaft porcelain insulators: low-voltage wire pin porcelain insulators are used as insulated and fixed wires in overhead lines below 1kV. Low-voltage line butterfly porcelain insulators are used as insulated and fixed wires on distribution line terminals, tensile and corner poles. High-voltage spool type porcelain insulators are used for insulation and fixed wires on the end of distribution wires, tensile and corner poles.
(2) Overhead line tension porcelain insulator: suitable for AC and DC overhead transmission and distribution lines, communication lines at the end angle or large span of rods, to balance the rod tension and play the role of insulation and connection.
(3) Insulators for tram lines: used as insulation and support for insulating and tensioning conductors of tram lines or for conducting parts of trams and power stations.
(4) Pin porcelain insulator for communication lines: suitable for insulating and fixing wires of overhead communication lines.
(5) Insulators for wiring: including drum insulators, porcelain splints and porcelain tubes. For low-voltage wiring.
3/Insulators for high-voltage power stations
(1) High-voltage indoor pillar power station insulator: suitable for power plants, substations, electrical equipment buss, power distribution devices with power frequency rated voltage of 6-35kV.
As an insulating support for high-voltage conductive parts. It is usually installed at an altitude of no more than 1000 meters, the ambient temperature is -40~40 °C, and there will be no dirt or condensation when used. Specially designed tall prototypes can be applied to areas from 3,000 meters to 5,000 meters above sea level.
(2) Outdoor needle pillar insulator: suitable for the insulation part of the electrical appliance or the power distribution device, used for the AC rated voltage of 3~220kV, the ambient temperature around the installation site is -40~40 °C and the altitude is not more than 1000m.
(3) Outdoor rod post insulator: used for high-voltage electrical appliances and high-voltage power distribution devices, playing the role of insulation and fixing conductors. The user's external pin type post insulator replaces a lot.
(4) Anti-pollution outdoor rod pillar insulator: suitable for areas with a salinity of less than one cm2 in the medium dirty area, used as insulation and fixation of high-voltage electrical appliances and distribution equipment.
(5) High-voltage wall casing: including indoor wall casing, outdoor wall casing, oiled wall casing, oil paper wall casing, etc.
(6) Porcelain sleeve for electrical appliances: including porcelain sleeve for transformer, porcelain sleeve for switch, and porcelain sleeve for transformer.
The porcelain sleeve of transformer includes two categories: the porcelain sleeve of the bushing for power transformer and the sleeve sleeve for the test transformer and the porcelain sleeve for the pillar.
Switch porcelain sleeves include multi-oil circuit breaker porcelain sleeves, oil-less circuit breaker porcelain sleeves, load switch porcelain sleeves, explosion-proof switch porcelain sleeves, isolation switch porcelain sleeves, air circuit breaker porcelain sleeves, etc. The present invention is mainly used for the insulation of the high-voltage lead wire and the ground and as a container for circuit breaker insulation and internal insulation.
The porcelain sleeve of the transformer is used as an insulating element for current transformers and voltage transformers.
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